The guide states that adult applicants aged 55 and over are exempt from writing the citizenship test. Based on the test's description, from which two specific requirements are they therefore exempt?

The guide names two basic requirements: 1) knowledge of Canada and its rights/responsibilities, and 2) knowledge of English or French. Applicants 55 and over are exempt from both. Since 2017, applicants aged 18 to 54 prove their English or French with their application; the test itself assesses knowledge only.