Canada’s History Flashcards

Between 1534 and 1542, Jacques Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian word. By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on maps.

The Quebec Act is one of the constitutional foundations of Canada, passed by the British Parliament to better govern the French Roman Catholic majority in the colony.

The completion of the railway was a powerful symbol of unity and fulfilled a promise to British Columbia, which had joined Canada in 1871 on the condition that a railway to the West Coast would be built.

Born in Scotland, Macdonald was a lawyer from Kingston, Ontario. His portrait is on the $10 bill, and Parliament has recognized January 11 as Sir John A. Macdonald Day.

With 10,000 killed or wounded, the capture of Vimy Ridge secured the Canadians' reputation for valour. One officer remarked, "In those few minutes I witnessed the birth of a nation." April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day.

These Vikings had previously colonized Greenland before reaching Labrador and Newfoundland, long before the main wave of European exploration began in 1497.

This act was part of a series of retaliatory attacks during the war, which ultimately helped ensure that Canada would remain independent of the United States.

The uprising began because the Métis were not consulted when Canada took over the vast northwest region from the Hudson's Bay Company. Riel is now widely seen as a defender of Métis rights and the father of Manitoba.

This pioneering legislation in Upper Canada preceded the British Parliament's complete abolition of slavery throughout the Empire in 1833.

This phrase was chosen to embody the vision of building a powerful, united, wealthy, and free country that spanned the entire continent.

The French and Aboriginal peoples collaborated extensively in the fur trade, which was a foundational element of the economy of Royal New France.

This British victory was the decisive moment in the conflict between France and Great Britain for control over North America.

Responsible government is the system where the executive (ministers of the Crown) must have the support, or confidence, of the elected assembly to govern. It is the system Canada uses today.

He served from 1896 to 1911 and his portrait is on the Canadian $5 bill. Under his leadership, the West was settled by hundreds of thousands of immigrants.

This was considered a great national achievement for Canada. Approximately one in ten of all Allied soldiers who landed on D-Day was Canadian.

This Act also granted the Canadas legislative assemblies elected by the people for the first time, marking a significant step towards democracy. The name Canada also became official at this time.

The RCN played a vital role in protecting Allied convoys of merchant ships from German submarines, ensuring Britain was supplied throughout the war.

Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Stowe and other suffragettes, Manitoba became the first province to grant women the vote in 1916, followed by federal voting rights for most women in 1918.

While 'responsible government' became a cornerstone of Canadian democracy, the recommendation for assimilation demonstrated a lack of understanding of French Canadian identity and was strongly resisted.

This victory in 1813, south of Montreal, was a crucial defense of Canada against a much larger American force, highlighting the important role of French Canadiens in the war.

He set foot on Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island and claimed the 'New Founde Land' for England, although English settlement didn't begin until 1610.

This grant led to a century of competition between the Hudson's Bay Company and Montreal-based traders for control of the fur trade.

His actions were crucial in securing the loyalty of the French-speaking population during the American Revolution and in settling those who remained loyal to the British Crown.

This was a major milestone in the women's suffrage movement in Canada, led by figures like Dr. Emily Stowe.

The NWMP played a key role in establishing Canadian law and order in the western territories, founding centres like Fort Calgary and Fort MacLeod.

The poem is often recited on Remembrance Day (November 11) to honour the sacrifices of Canadian veterans and the fallen.

During this period, unemployment in Canada reached 27% in 1933, and farmers in Western Canada were hit particularly hard.

Cartier, a railway lawyer from Montreal, also helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, and British Columbia into Canada.

The British North America Act of 1867 officially created the Dominion of Canada. The former Province of Canada was split into Ontario and Quebec.

About 3,000 Black Loyalists had initially come north seeking a better life, but faced challenges such as receiving poor land.

Her election followed the federal government granting the right to vote to most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over in 1918, a major milestone in the women's suffrage movement.

Under his command, the Canadian Corps advanced alongside Allied troops in the victorious last hundred days of the war, including the Battle of Amiens.

This Christian anti-slavery network provided secret routes and safe houses for escaped slaves, who followed the 'North Star' to find freedom in Canada.

This system was introduced in the Province of Canada in 1848-49 by Lord Elgin. Nova Scotia had been the first British North American colony to attain it a year earlier.

The railway was built by both European and Chinese labour, but the Chinese were subject to this discriminatory policy. The Government of Canada formally apologized for it in 2006.

This tradition honours the armistice that ended the First World War in 1918 and remembers the sacrifices of all who have served Canada in times of war.

Sir Isaac Brock is celebrated as a hero for his crucial leadership and victories in the early part of the War of 1812, which helped to successfully defend Canada from American invasion.

Under this plan, Canada trained over 130,000 Allied air crew, which was a larger contribution to the Allied air effort than any other Commonwealth country.

Unlike agricultural groups like the Huron-Wendat, the Cree and Dene peoples lived off the land by hunting and gathering, adapting to the environment of Canada's Northwest.

This early settlement attempt, led by Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain, was established four years before Champlain built the fortress at Québec City.

These French and Aboriginal traders were instrumental in the vast fur-trade economy, establishing strong alliances with First Nations and expanding the French Empire's reach in North America.

Different Aboriginal Peoples lived off the land in various ways; while some like the Huron-Wendat were farmers, the Sioux were nomadic hunters who depended on the bison for their livelihood.

The creation of the Bank of Canada was a response to the economic instability of the 'Dirty Thirties,' aiming to provide a centralized management of the country's financial system.

While John Cabot mapped the East Coast earlier, Jacques Cartier was the first to navigate the great St. Lawrence River, which led to the naming of Canada from the Iroquoian word 'kanata' (village).

From 1914 to 1920, the Canadian government interned thousands of people of Austro-Hungarian origin in labour camps across Canada, a policy for which Britain had advised against.

The rebellions lacked enough public support to succeed and were suppressed by forces loyal to the government.

The Huron-Wendat, much like the Iroquois, had an agricultural society, which distinguished them from groups like the Cree and Dene who were primarily hunter-gatherers.

After a century of conflict, the French and the Iroquois confederacy signed the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701, a pivotal treaty that brought stability to the region's fur trade.

The opening of the Montreal Stock Exchange was a significant milestone in the development of Canada's financial system and its growing economy in the early 19th century.

As part of its Pacific campaign during WWII, a Japanese submarine shelled the Estevan Point lighthouse on Vancouver Island in 1942, one of the few direct attacks on Canadian soil during the war.